This article considers the case law in this area and suggests that the approach in Crossley is to be preferred. The rebuttal to Crossley in Loreley comes close to the right answer, in seeking a satisfactory causative bridge in all cases, but wrongly seeks to retain “conscious awareness” as a requirement in all cases and eschew the notion that this is always distinct from assumption. An analysis of the motivator for that conclusion, the need for a sufficient causative bridge, shows the causative bridge can be satisfied without that requirement in some cases of implied representation, and causes unnecessary difficulty with other juridical concepts.